Are Cell Phones Good for Health Essay Example for Free

Are Cell Phones Good for Health Essay Chatting on a mobile phone or living close to a cell site doesn't cause malignant growth, as indicated by a report by the Royal Society of Canada. The general public took a gander at GSM systems, cell phones, cell site reception apparatuses and rooftop top aerials, in the interest of Health Canada. They did, anyway state that the current security limits for upkeep staff chipping away at the cell destinations, and ought to be changed to consider conceivable harm to the eyes, because of the one of a kind physiological make up of the eye. † Upgrade handsets: If you are utilizing too old handset, update it to some ongoing handset which has discharged in last 1-2 years. Ongoing handsets utilize low force and deal with reflections to spare battery just as high radiations. Utilize standard handsets: Some modest mobiles don't look after gauges. Continuously use handsets from marked organizations. Modest telephones can be destructive to life. Use Bluetooth: Use Bluetooth headset/hands allowed to chat on telephone. Bluetooth works on low recurrence. You can place the telephone in back pocket. Use PC programming: SMS visiting is generally normal in youths. The greater part of brands give PC availability software’s; some outsider devices are additionally accessible. Interface PDA to PC through Bluetooth, avoid versatile at all costs and appreciate SMS. Use Flight Mode: Switching now and again portable may be monotonous when it’s not being used. Use flight mode profile of telephone to deactivate radio signs, it will perform same activity as switch off however keeping different capacities on. Maintain a strategic distance from Mobile Internet: Get a wired web association for PC to use at home. Abstain from utilizing versatile web associations (GPRS and 3G based). You will consistently locate a less expensive wired web alternative in this serious market. Are Cell Phones Good for Health. (2017, Jan 20).

Portfolio Instructions Essays - Education, Knowledge, Writing

Portfolio Instructions English 101 Fall 2016 Outline As a feature of a continuous appraisal of an understudy's capacity to advance as an author, every understudy took a crack at English 101 will present a portfolio of work at two separate occasions. The primary accommodation will be a work-in- progress to be turned in alongside the Midterm. The subsequent accommodation will be the last accommodation, to be turned in alongside the Final. The portfolio task is worth 15% of the understudy's last grade. Desires Understudies must compose a paper explicitly for the portfolio that will acquaint the portfolio with their perusers and show that they have accomplished the necessary capabilities of the course. Understudies ought to compose an intelligent exposition wherein they contend for their achievements on the composing errands recorded beneath, utilizing their sytheses as proof. This paper is regularly understood first, giving the perusers of their portfolio knowledge into their pondering their composition. Understudies will have picked the work and given some data about the assignments, yet no one but they can clarify how their portfolio exhibits their achievements as an essayist. This article won't tally toward the all out number of pages (10-30) or papers (3-5) for the portfolio itself. Different Requirements 1. At any rate three organizations that show work in more than one class (ex. a proposition, a profile, a story, a scholarly contention, and so on) which are gone before by a presentation clarifying the task what's more, why the understudy decided to remember it for the last portfolio. 2. At any rate one sythesis that shows the understudy's capacity to use composing for reflections. 3. At any rate one organization that exhibits the understudy's capacity to use composing for clarification. 4. At any rate one piece that shows the understudy's capacity to use composing for investigation. 5. In any event one sythesis that exhibits the understudy's capacity to use composing for influence. 6. At any rate one sythesis that shows the understudy's capacity to use compose as indicated by a crowd of people. 7. At any rate one creation that shows the understudy's capacity to coordinate their own composition with the composition of others, successfully utilizing suitable sources, appropriately archived. 8. In any event one sythesis that exhibits the understudy's capacity to expressive and bolster a proposition driven contention. 9. Proof of participating in the creative cycle through different drafts. 10. Proof that the understudy has worked cooperatively with peers. 11. Proof that the understudy can alter their work for mechanical blunders to the degree that, while maybe not great, surface highlights of the language don't meddle with correspondence. Guidance Try not to freeze! A few papers can mean different necessities, and we'll ensure every prerequisite is secured. To help, keep EVERYTHING we compose, not simply last drafts. Likewise, keep whatever has gotten companion or teacher criticism. Keep these in an envelope that you can bring with you consistently.

A Week in the Life Optimism Edition

A Week in the Life Optimism Edition I like how you say that with a smile on your face, my hallmate Vinayak 09 told me that Sunday night, genuinely pleased. Oh I was just working in studio for five hours and I hate my life but it was awesome,' he mimicked in a higher-pitched voice and some sort of everlasting smile. It was past three in the morning and Id just returned home from Studio 7, a land of glue, x-acto knives, mounds of paper, pencil and pens, printers, laser-cutters, and shiny Mac Pro computers. Monday afternoon would welcome my first final review in 4.112 (Integrated Architecture Studio). Ill tell you more about studio later, but do know that finishing up sketches for that project made me a half hour late to 4.42J/2.66J/1.044J (Fundamentals of Energy in Buildings) that morning. After the review I had but two hours break before meeting one of my partners for 4.411 (Building Technology Lab). We spent a few more hours building our model of a house in Gujarat, India. I’ll tell you more about this later, too. I didnt wake up on time Tuesday morning, so I cant tell you about the tour of Boston my 11.001 class went on. In lab, Arka 10 and I had the only completed model, so we got to go outside and take measurements under cloudy skies. We realized just how dark a house without windows is under diffuse sunlight when we measured 12000+ lux outside and a grand 12 lux inside a room. Yeesh. That night, I tried to work on a paper but couldnt. I also didnt win any art in the lottery. I decided I didnt know what I wanted out of a relationship so I tried to break up with my boyfriend. Perhaps knowing me better than I knew myself, he convinced me that we should take a break for a week to clear our heads. It was a really smart idea, so I agreed to this plan. The first night, I cried. Right now I feel okay. Ive got all this extra time now (as you may know, time at MIT is of utter importance). Id always wondered whether being at MIT was really too stressful for nurturing a serious long-lasting relationship; perhaps one day soon Ill find out. Wednesday was a beautiful sunny day at Harvard University. Our studio class met at the T station to visit the site for our next project. Armed with sketchpads and pencils and charcoal, we journeyed to a small side street and spent the next three hours on sketching. It was amazing. At night I went to a showing for 21F.063. We watched Lupin III: Castle of Cagliostro, a 1979 movie from Japan which is also Hayao Miyazakis first full-length film. Im still slightly sleep-deprived. Thanks to poor time management the previous days, I spent most of the rest of the night writing that paper. Today is Thursday. Thursdays always make me really happy because I only have two classes, 11.001J/4.250J (Intro to Urban Design and Development) and 21F.063 (Anime: Transnational Media and Culture). I dont really have class on Fridays this semester, which makes my weekends start super early at 2pm! But I cant stop now. Career Fairs happen every so often, including this day. In my past two years here Ive never been able to drag myself to these things. Now Ive decided to go there, shove resumes in peoples faces, and generally just do this summer job search thing right! But while the list of companies recruiting all majors is small, the list of companies recruiting Course 4 students is even smaller: Cannon Design CDM China Vanke Co., Ltd. Devex Exponent, Inc. Novartis You can count six here. Six! They range from consulting to real estate to firms. Now Im laying in bed sleepy and somewhat unmotivated. Career Fair lasts for three more hours all Id have to go is get my bum up and GO! There is only one company on this list that even interests me. *sigh* A smile on my face. What am I trying to say here? Classes make me do lots of cool things besides sitting in a room and psetting. Career fairs are aimed at more popular majors. The homework isnt the only thing thats hard in college. Sleep-deprived doesnt mean unhappy. I look forward to telling you about more weeks at MIT :) smile!

Essay on A Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet

A Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet Dave Beaston Hamlet. Is he an insane madman or a revengeful, scheming, genius? There are many conflicting ideas and theories on this subject, and hopefully this paper may be of some assistance in clearing up the confusion. The paper is divided into three separate analytic sections beginning with the beginning of Hamlets so called madness, and why it may have occurred. Next, is an analysis of why Hamlet delays revenging his fathers death. To conclude the paper, Hamlets incestuous acts towards his mother are discussed, in William Shakespeares Hamlet. In the first act Hamlet seems to be in a perfectly sane state of mind throughout all five scenes. It is in the second scene†¦show more content†¦But, in the back of Hamlets mind, which keeps him in constant turmoil, is his loyalty to his family and moreover his father. Hamlet, in act four scene two, meets with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and he seems to be breaking down into insanity. Hamlet had just killed Polonius, and his two friends were questioning him as to where he placed the body of the dead man. The strange thing about this scene is that Hamlet seems to play with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and does not give them a straight answer. Hamlet has practically transformed into a different person and doesnt seem to be completely sane. Next is another situation that cannot be totally explained. The situation being Hamlets delays in avenging his fathers death. The first that Hamlet learns of his fathers death is in act one scene five, where he follows the ghost. Hamlet is told, by the ghost, that he (the ghost) is the soul of Hamlets father, and that he was murdered by Claudius. This all took place at the beginning of the play and Hamlet waited until the end of the play to get revenge for his fathers murder. Then again there are different perspectives as to whether Hamlet waited until the end to actually gain revenge. For within the play there are many insinuations that Hamlet tortured Claudius all the way up until heShow MoreRelated Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay examples640 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet What is mans purpose in life? Is there a purpose? If there isnt, then is it wise to end it, despite the fact that there might be nothing better? In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet struggles with these and other issues. He states that the question of life is To be, or not to be...? Is existence really worth the troubles of life? In this monologue, Hamlet is wondering what is his purpose. He asserts that the only reason people endureRead MoreReligion in Hamlet Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is one of the most famous tragedies William Shakespeare has ever written. Found throughout Shakespeare’s tragedy are many religious references. According to Peter Milward, the author of Shakespeares Christianity: The Protestant and Catholic Poetics of Julius Caesar, Macbeth, and Hamlet, â€Å"From a purely religious point of view, which is more than just biblical, Hamlet is rich in homiletic material of all kinds, reflecting almost every aspect of the religiousRead MorePerfect Idealism In Shakespeares Hamlet1631 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The play Hamlet is a fable of how the ghost of a slain king comes to haunt the living with disastrous consequences. A rancorous ghost and a brother s murder, lead the gloomy setting of Hamlet s Denmark. Hamlet story opens with an encounter between young Hamlet, his dad s ghost as well as the prince of Denmark. The ghost reveals to Hamlet that its murderer was his brother Claudius, who then rapidly wedded his widowed queen, Gertrude. As a result, the ghost presses Hamlet to seek vengeanceRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1149 Words   |  5 Pagesand bailiff, Shakespeare is believed to have attended King’s New School because his father held an official position. Shakespeare did not receive any higher level education, however. Hardly anything else is known of the young William Shakespeare’s childhood. Shakespeare’s timeline then jumps ahead to November 28, 1852 when he married Anne Hathaway to legitimize Hathaway’s pregnancy. Their first daughter Susanna was born shortly after the marriage. She was shortly followed by the twins Judith and HamnetRead More Psychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeare?s Hamlet Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pages If one wants to truly understand the psychological implications of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the situation surrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that isRead MorePsychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1341 Words   |  6 PagesIf one wants to truly understand the psychological impli cations of William Shakespeares Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the situation surrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that isRead MoreCritical Writing Review Of Hamlet1260 Words   |  6 PagesMany people equate good critical writing with very descriptive writing when that is simply not true. Good critical writing should not just be an in-depth description of a topic. Good critical writing should include a clear presentation of your argument and your own evidence, a clear and confident refusal to accept opposing conclusions from other critical writers, and a balanced presentation of reasons why the conclusions of other writers may be accepted but are ultimately not cor rect. Many peopleRead MoreAn Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet1056 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet Usually in a playwright, one of the authors objectives is to keep the viewer or reader confused or disconcerted about certain events in the plot. Certain characters in a play or story that have concocted covert schemes to perhaps murder or frame somebody, may have confusing effects on the viewer. Depending on the way the plan was developed in the plot the viewer may have to stop and ask themselves;Read MoreHamlet Tragedy Of The Mother And Son1137 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet-Tragedy of the Mother and Son William Shakespeare is a writer of tragedies—the tragedies within common everyday relationships. Of these various relationships, Shakespeare reveals his interest in the relationship between the mother and son within Hamlet. The mother: Queen Gertrude, and the son: Prince Hamlet is unique within the play because Hamlet’s relationship with his mother is rare in the sense that Gertrude is one of two women within Hamlet. And like the other woman, Gertrude is submergedRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’s

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Culture Free Essays

This paper will discourse research about civilization and multicultural instruction. Let us foremost define civilization. Culture is the entirety of socially transmitted behaviour forms, humanistic disciplines, beliefs, establishments, and all other merchandises of human work and idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is besides those forms, traits, and merchandises considered as the look of a peculiar period, category, community, or population. It is besides those forms, traits, and merchandises considered with regard to a peculiar class, such as a field, capable, or manner of look. Finally, it is the ruling attitudes and behaviour that characterize the operation of a group or organisation. Now let us specify multicultural instruction. Multicultural instruction is a set of schemes and stuffs in U.S. instruction that were developed to help instructors to advance democracy while reacting to the many issues created by quickly altering demographics of their pupils. Now that we have defined both civilization and multicultural instruction we will look at and explicate how multicultural instruction can turn to cultural differences and cultural prejudice in our educational system. The followers are some ways that multicultural instruction can turn to cultural differences and cultural prejudice in schools. Every pupil must hold equal chance to accomplish to their full potency. An illustration would be engineering. Some pupils have entree to computing machines at place but others may non. If the instructor assigns a undertaking that requires computing machine usage so the instructor needs to do clip in the schoolroom to let the pupils to utilize the computing machine. This allows each pupil to hold the same chance to win in this assigned undertaking. Every pupil must be prepared to take part in a multicultural schoolroom. Communication barriers can do this a hard undertaking for both the instructor and pupil. A manner to assist cover with this issue is to hold an interrupter in the category for those pupils who can non yet pass on in English. Teachers must be prepared to learn every single pupil, no affair how culturally similar or different they are. The instru ctor can make this by leting the pupils to convey in their ain experiences into schoolroom activities. Schools must be active participants in stoping bias of all types, foremost by stoping it in the school and so by bring forthing socially and critically active and cognizant pupils. This is done foremost by disposal taking the clip to learn the instructors about cultural tolerance and so by the instructors taking that cognition and learning their pupils cultural tolerance. Education must go pupil centered and inclusive of the voices and experiences of the pupils. Every pupil has experiences in their life that they need to be allowed to convey into the schoolroom and portion with their equals and instructors. This allows others to larn about another civilization and will assist pupils to be tolerant with each other. Educators, militants, and others must take a more active function in reviewing all educational patterns and how they affect the acquisition of all pupils which include: p roving methods, learning attacks, rating and appraisal, school psychological science and guidance, educational stuffs and text editions. It is critical that proving methods be done in a manner that makes all pupils equal. If that means a non-English speech production pupil takes a trial in their ain linguistic communication so that is what needs to be done. Appraisal should besides be done in a mode that is just for every pupil. Some pupils do good on standard type trials but others do non so their demands to be other signifiers of appraisal that shows the true cognition of what the pupil has achieved such as a portfolio or a group undertaking. These things are merely the tip of what can and should be implemented in a schoolroom to do it a successful multicultural acquisition environment. Thingss that instructors and pupils in a educational scene demand to watch out for are as follows. Teachers and pupils need to larn from generalisations about other civilizations, but non to utilize those generalisations to pigeonhole, compose off or oversimplify your thoughts about others. The best usage of a generalisation is to add it to your cognition so that you can break understand and appreciate other civilizations. The following thing is to pattern communicating. That ‘s the first regulation, because it ‘s in the making that we really acquire better at cross-cultural communicating. Besides, do non presume that there is one right manner to pass on. Different civilizations communicate in different ways and it is of import to larn how a civilization different from yours communicates. Keep oppugning your premises about the right manner to pass on. For illustration, think about your organic structure linguistic communication because positions that indicate receptivity in one civilization might bespeak aggressiveness in another. Make non presume that dislocations in communicating occur because other people are on the incorrect path. Search for ways to do the communicating work, instead than seeking for who should have the incrimination for the dislocation. Another thing to be careful to make is to listen actively and sympathetically. Try to set yourself in the others places, particularly when others perceptual experiences or thoughts are really different from your ain, you might necessitate to run at the border of your ain comfort zone. Besides, Respect others ‘ picks about whether to prosecute in communicating with you. Honor their sentiments about what is traveling on. When a struggle arises you need to halt, suspend judgement, and seek to look at the state of affairs as an foreigner. Besides, be prepared for a treatment of the yesteryear. Use this as an chance to develop an apprehension from the other ‘s point of position, instead t han acquiring defensive or impatient. Acknowledge historical events that have taken topographic point. Be unfastened to larning more about them. Honest recognition of the mistreatment and subjugation that have taken topographic point on the footing of cultural difference is critical for effectual communicating. Have an consciousness of current power instabilities and openness to hearing each other ‘s perceptual experiences of those instabilities is besides necessary for understanding each other and working together. Remember that cultural norms may non use to the behaviour of any peculiar person. We are all shaped by many factors such as our cultural background, our household, our instruction, and our personalities and we are more complicated than any cultural norm could propose. To recap what has been discussed in this paper we have learned the working definitions for both civilization and multicultural instruction. Then we discussed how multicultural instruction can turn to cultural differences and prejudice in an educational scene. We have besides learned what things should non be done in the schoolroom, because they would impede a successful multicultural instruction within the schoolroom scene. Mentions Avruch, Kevin and Peter Black. ( 1993 ) . Conflict Resolution in Intercultural Settings: Problems and Prospects, in Conflict Resolution Theory and Practice: Integration and Application. New York: St. Martin ‘s Press. Nichols, Edwin J. ( November 10, 1976 ) . A presentation made to the World Psychiatric Association and Association of Psychiatrists in Nigeria. How to cite Culture, Essay examples Culture Free Essays A culture is a trademark of great and renowned civilizations. From the Greeks to the Romans, from the Phoenicians to the Egyptians, all these great civilizations left their heritage through the culture and art they created. Papyrus or pictographs, poems or pyramids, stories and symbols represent the identity of the people and the soul of the nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book No great mischief written by Alistair MacLeod focuses on the families that have come from faraway land for the purpose of getting settled in north America and are caught in the act to maintain their native historical background. One of the impressions of the Canadian culture which is evident from the book is that â€Å"how cultural and familial loyalty has affected generation of Scots who’ve made Canada their home† (Author profiles-2006). In this story Alexander Macdonald presents a recollection of the gallant stories of his ancestors whose loyalty toward each other remained intact even after they were exiled. However, there happened to be a â€Å"legendary patriarch who left the Scottish Highlands in 1779 and resettled in â€Å"the land of trees,† where his descendents became a separate Nova Scotia clan.†(No great mischief-2006). The author of the book is of the view that all groups share a certain kind of tribal identity. But once they drift away from the group they are termed as individual by other outsiders(Alistair McLeod in Helsinki-2005)   as it happened with the Nova Scotia clan whose identity as group became somewhat blurred Moreover a strong idea that glues to the minds of the readers is the change in the attitudes of people as they move away from the rural fringes and move to the urban localities. This usually happens as people loose their distinctiveness as they as exposed to an industrial city that encompasses the factors of globalization and affluent lifestyles and a lot of opportunities for education. The hypothesis can be explained by the decisions taken by one of the characters Catherine, who had more opportunities than her brothers and thus chose to leave her home as she felt alienated from the place she lived in. The author beautifully exposes the masses to the rude awakening that generations are likely to give upon traditions and loose their tribal ethnicity as the time passes. This ultimately affects the second and the third generations. This usually happens due to the change that constantly takes place thus creating a rift between the generations. One of the notions that is evident from the book is that the Canadian culture seems to give more importance to a persons identity rather than the place they are native of. Since it is a worldwide phenomenon that millions of people leave their communities due to economic reasons and are emotionally not comfortable in the place they end up at, therefore the society should try as much as possible to make it easier for the individuals to adjust within the community. This theme is also highlighted in the novel no great mischief where the author provide the readers with the idea that the individuals that have migrated from other places live double lives who try to mold themselves into the society when they are at work however as soon as they reach home they try to retreat to their world of traditions and culture. Conclusion Canada is a country which is a home to million of immigrants who are usually dwelling there for satisfying the economic need of the family. The novel â€Å"No Great Mischief† tries to present a glimpse of the culture that has taken formation due to the vast ethnic diversity which exists there. The novel presents the idea that people who migrate to this country loose the reputation of belonging to a tribe. Rather, they are termed as individuals. Moreover, as people move to societies that are economically stabled, they take upon the culture of that country which causes a change in their attitudes and there way of thinking. The author also presents the idea that with the passage of time minority communities stop following their traditions property which results in the deterioration of the traditional priorities in the later generations. One of the positive impacts of the Canadian culture is that that it tries to treat an individual by his identity rather than reputation of his native country. Bibliography No great Mischief.(2005). Taken on 13th March from the website: http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/p/12619/mcms.html Author biography.(2005). Taken on 13th march from the website:http://www.bookclubs.ca/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780771055706 Alistair McLeod in Helsinki. (2005). Taken on 13th February from the website: http://www.suomikanadaseura.fi/english/mcleod.html Author profiles-2006. Taken on 13th March from the website: http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue_09.23.99/plus/IFOA-authors.html No Great Mischief.(2006). Taken on 12th March from the website: http://www.google.com/search?q=No+Great+Mischief/+Alistair+MacLeod;hl=en;lr=;start=10;sa=N ; ; How to cite Culture, Essay examples Culture Free Essays Cultural Images and World Culture Course This seminar satisfies both the Cultural Images and World Culture requirement for the General Education program. To that end, we will work to develop an understanding of the beliefs, values, and ways of life in various countries in order to engage comfortably in cross cultural settings and interact harmoniously with people from cultures other than the united States. Included in the development of cultural competency Is the ongoing attainment of authentic multicultural materials. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now We will identify strategies that provide for more evenhanded learning opportunities through literature, music, and other educational resource from diverse cultures as we continuously develop our ability to provide a welcoming atmosphere that physically fleets the diverse cultures, interests, and experiences of those we will encounter in future professional and personal interactions. Required Text: Inhuman, Susan (1999). One Size Fits Few: The Folly of Educational Standards. Henchman. Points Cultural Artifacts- 50 Points Major Project- 1 50 Points Course Requirements: Paper 1 : Describe your â€Å"culture† (500-1000 words). This paper needs to define the Elements of Culture that you decide upon after conducting some internet research for you as an individual. You will use this paper to create your culture box. Project 1 ( With paper 1): Prepare a â€Å"culture box† that offers a visual perspective of how you view your culture. This box must contain at least 1 artifact to represent each of the cultural specifics you discuss in your paper. Your box may have no words except the Elements of Culture that you’ve defines. You may not have any pictures with your face in your culture box. Paper 2: What is the purpose of education? 500-1000 words): Define how you see this from societal, cultural, and personal perspectives. Read Inhuman for a perspective on this. You can disagree if you’d like. Collect research on important cultural aspects of a country of your choice and how the school system in that country is structured by recognizing the relationships between culture and learning. What are some ways in which students are systematically failed due to lack of adequate decision making about curriculums and providing instructional materials that reflects cultural diversity? Major Project: Prospective on Multicultural Education Create a culture box for your country similar to the one you did for your own culture. Prepare a slide show presentation on your country, its culture, and its education system. How do the culturally significant aspects of your researched country manifest in today’s education system? Be sure to answer this question specifically. Provide a list of 3 educational resource materials that can be used in a cultural context for the students in your country as well as provides a diverse picture of the world for other students. How to cite Culture, Papers

The Transformation of our Society Since the Internet Online Dating Essay Example For Students

The Transformation of our Society Since the Internet: Online Dating Essay Imagine a world without internet. There would be no emails, no Facebook, no eBay, amongst other things. Even a simple task as booking a flight or a hotel would have to be done over the phone. To think about it†¦ life as we know it would just not be the same. This new day and age has brought us to a point where it’s possible to find virtually anything on the internet, even love. Yes, online dating has become the new revolutionary way of finding your soul mate (Houran, Lange, 2004), and it is to no surprise since it’s easy, provides more options and is growing each and every day. Thus romantic relationships have benefited through use of the internet. The internet has made many things more convenient including online romantic relationships. It’s unnecessary to have to go out to a bar and spend money (that most likely could be spent on more prosperous things than alcoholic beverages) in an attempt to meet the love of your life (Donn, Sherman, 2002). Online Romantic Relationships allow people to do this for free and from the comfort of their own home. eHarmony is one of the many well renowned online match-makers. When exploring the site for the first time eHarmony features a free â€Å"create your own profile† that is very user friendly. User’s simply fill out an online compatibility questionnaire containing 34 pages of easy to answer questions. Once all the information has been imputed the user effortlessly waits for the completion of their personal profile. Although eHarmony charges a monthly rate of around 49 dollars there are other online-dating services out there that are free of charge such as plentyoffish.com. Once all the information is imputed the user is set to start meeting new singles that may poten. . face are able to form romantic relationships through online dating services (Buzwell, Hardie, 2006). More options have also been provided as the internet is world-wide. This gives singles in search of a romantic relationship the opportunity to meet other singles from all over the world. Singles can be matched with other singles through online dating services based on similar traits which gives more options for potential romances. Internet romantic relationships are becoming more common (Pauley, Sommer, 2007), the media is continuously using online romances as a topic of interest. The versatility of the internet allows everyone to use it which also contributes to its growing popularity. Although much research is yet to be done on such a current topic, it is apparent that the use of the internet has benefited the building and developing of romantic relationships.

Indias Economic Reforms Essay Example

Indias Economic Reforms Essay Why Did Economic Reforms become necessary in India? What were the results of economic reforms? India’s economy, which had been one of the largest in the world till about three hundred years ago, had steadily deteriorated during the period of British Rule which lasted till 1947. The agricultural sector suffered the most which resulted in famines and extreme poverty. The yield per acre was low and there was a persistent threat of drought and flood. There was no efficient irrigation facility. The food production was stagnant or was falling. There was no industry to manufacture goods and only the textile industry faced the industry manufactured goods from Britain. GDP growth was almost zero. In 1947, after independence Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, highly impressed with the Soviet Model of economic development, added elements of this model into the Mixed Economy model which was to be introduced in India. This included centralised planning. The Socialist Model advocated government intervention to guide the economy, including state ownership of key industries. The objective of this strategy was to achieve high and balanced economic development while introducing programs and measures to help the poor. The belief was that industrialisation was the key to economic development. As there were few entrepreneurs capable of bringing in large scale industrialisation and hence introducing a market economy would not be feasible, it was decided that the government would take the initiative to in this regard. Hence it was believed that the Soviet model would be the ideal one to adopt in this regard. We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Economic Reforms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Economic Reforms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Economic Reforms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nehru was also influenced by Socialist thinkers like P C Mahalanobis. Hence this model is also known as Nehruvian Mahalanobis model. It was this model that India followed for several years up to the 1970s. Economic growth till the 1980s was very low if not negligible. During the period from 1950 to 1970s it is believed that there was a near stagnation of economic growth as a result of the Nehruvian economic model. But a closer look reveals that there was increase in GDP growth over each decade though quite low. There was not mush improvement in the agricultural sector till the late 1960s. The Soviet model carried the criticism that industrial development is at the cost of agriculture. The agricultural sector’s performance during this period indicated that there may be some truth in this statement. If the green revolution had not taken place, India would have faced a grave crisis in the 1970s. In India, between 1950 and 1990, the proportion GDP contributed by agriculture declined significantly but not the population depending on it. The formation of Planning Commission in 1950 and the five year plans, gave greater importance to agricultural growth and the agricultural sector gained in prominence. In the 1960s, improved agricultural practices, better seeds and use of fertilizer, soil and water conservation, land development, land consolidation, agricultural credit and marketing and price incentive resulted in improved agricultural productivity and it is the reason why India enjoys relative food security today. Till then growth in the agricultural sector was negligible. There were internal contradictions. India had needed rapid industrialisation along with supporting the poor. Rapid industrialisation required a shift of resources from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector. 0 percent of the population were depended on agriculture and lived in the countryside hence supporting them required directing of resources to the rural economy. It also required government support for smaller labour-intensive farms at the expense of larger capital-intensive industries. Small scale units attracted government support and here the goal was to increase employment since they employed m ore workers per unit of output and capital. This resulted in discouraging economies of scale and encouraging high cost production. Hence India ended up having inefficient small scale industries and monopolistic large scale industries. India had one of the most protected economies in Asia and fortified it with policies such as import substitution, high tariff rates, import duties etc. The private sector produced most consumer goods but was controlled directly by several government regulations and financial institutions that provided major financing for large private-sector projects. Government emphasized self-sufficiency rather than foreign trade and imposed strict controls on imports and exports. In the 1950s, there was steady economic growth, but growth in the 1960s and 1970s were less encouraging. Hence people were forced to pay larger prices for consumer goods. There was a slowdown in the 1970s particularly due to the deceleration of the agricultural growth followed by a recovery in the 1980s. This pick-up was benefitted from the initiation of limited economic reforms introduced in the 1980s aimed at increasing the domestic competitiveness. There was high rate of industrial growth as result of the new policies which encouraged industry growth rate hence was higher and about 5. 5%. But when compared to China which introduced economic reforms as early as in 1978, India’s growth rate was low. India’s private industry started depending on short term loan from foreign agencies for their long term projects. They were encouraged by the new policies of the government. These loans had a maturity period averaging about 5 years. India’s foreign exchange reserves were not very high. Since 1985 there was Balance Of Payment (BOP) problems and by the end of 1990, India was in a serious economic crisis. In the year 1991, towards the middle of the year, India’s exchange rate was subjected to a severe adjustment. This event began with a slide in the value of the rupee leading up to the middle of the year 1991. The authorities at the Reserve Bank of India slowed the decline in value by expending foreign exchange reserves. With reserves nearly depleted, however, the exchange rate was devalued sharply on July 1 and July 3 against major foreign currencies. There was a huge demand on India’s foreign exchange reserves due to the maturity of international loans. Also precipitated by the gulf war India’s oil import bill swelled, the exports went down, credit dried up and investors pulled out their money. Over time, fiscal deficits had a spill over effect on trade deficit resulting in an external payments crisis. Add to this the collapse of the Soviet Union and the new Russian state under Boris Yeltsin started demanding repayment of all the loans. Since the fiscal deficit was met by borrowings, internal debt of the government accumulated rapidly reaching 53% of GDP at the end of 1990-91. Foreign exchange reserves had dried up. By the end of 1990, India was facing a grave economic crisis. The government had to secure an emergency loan of $2. 2 billion from the IMF by pledging 67 tons of Indias gold reserves as collateral. This helped tide over the crisis and also provided the stimulus for India’s economic reforms. Introduction of economic reforms and its impact In 1991, the new administration led by Narasimha Rao came to power . Dr. Manmohan Singh was appointed as finance minister. Dr. Singh (who is now the prime minister) unveiled a comprehensive program of economic reforms, which includes: * Recognizing the importance of the private sector as a leading engine of growth. * Greater reliance on market forces and competition as the primary means of increasing efficiency. * Opening the economy to international trade, foreign investment, and foreign technology. Economic reforms meant many things. It meant the lowering most tariff and non-tariff barriers to promote the trade of goods and services; it meant liberalizing many legal procedures related to investment, corporate taxation, trade, commercial banking, stock market activity and most importantly the recruitment and layoff of labour; it meant the disinvestment of public assets like public sector units; it meant paying special attention to the balancing of the budget or at least making some serious efforts at reducing the government budget deficit; it meant the gradual entry of foreign capital into the Indian economy (both as FDI as well as portfolio investment); it meant a gradual retreat of the government from the provision of social services like health and education and also meant the simultaneous encouragement of private capital to enter into these areas and many more similar changes. Growth (%) With economic reforms being introduced, economic growth accelerated. The economic reforms have put emphasis on the open mark et economic policies. The reform process has had some very beneficial effects on the Indian economy, including higher growth rates, lower inflation, and significant increases in foreign investment. Industrial growth was very high during the period 1992-97 in the enthusiasm of reforms. However, there was a significant slowdown during 1997-2002. As tariffs were reduced, import controls were lifted, and domestic competitive threats emerged at the same time, the initial protective effects of the devaluation of 1991 wore off and the Indian corporate sector, particularly in manufacturing, found itself in difficulty. The Indian corporate sector was therefore in the throes of significant technical restructuring, business process restructuring and financial restructuring, all at the same time. Though this process resulted in an industrial slowdown then, it has contributed to the industrial competitiveness that is now observed. There is a revival of manufacturing. Trade liberalisation and tariff reforms have provided increased access to Indian companies to the best inputs available globally at almost world prices. On the other hand, the gradual opening has enabled Indian companies to adjust adequately to be able to compete in world markets and with imports in the domestic economy. Indian Industry very soon adapted to the changes restructuring itself to meet the new challenges. Technology transfer and exposure from foreign nations improved the competiveness of the Indian industry. Foreign investments have come in various sectors and there has been a good growth in the standard of living, per capital income and Gross Domestic Product. The manufacturing sector is growing at a heartening rate. But it is the services sector which has shown the greatest growth and it grew in such a way that it now contributes more that 50% of India’s GDP. Software services along with the export of products is growing at a massive pace and thereby witnessed an unprecedented rise of 35. 5 percent and reached an amount of $ 18 billion in the period 2006-07. The Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sectors grew by 33. 5 percent and earned a revenue of $8. 4 billion. The service sector has also been focusing in various investments of late. As more liberalisation is being expected in the India economy, sectors like banking are on its way to loom large and occupy a more significant position in Indias economy. Along with the high rates of growth, employment opportunities have also increased. India is now a preferred destination for Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). India is now strong in telecommunication, Information Technology and other significant areas such as automobiles, auto components, chemicals, apparels, pharmaceuticals, and jewellery. Savings and investment rates have also dramatically increased. Imports and exports have increased considerably. India’s foreign exchange reserves now stand at about $295 billion. The growth rate now stands at about 8% and is stated to reach 10% and above in the next few years. Indian economy is now the eleventh largest in the world by nominal GDP and fourth largest by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Top 10 economies as of 2001| GDP PPP (International Billion dollars)| | 2001| 1980| | GDP| Rank| GDP| Rank| USA| 9792| 1| 2957| 1| China | 5111| 2| 421| 9| Japan| 3193| 3| 1085| 2| India | 2930| 4| 529| 5| Germany | 2057| 5| 803| 3| Italy | 1430| 6| 544| 4| UK | 1420| 7| 498| 7| France | 1420| 8| 518| 6| Brazil | 1269| 9| 467| 8| Canada| 843| 10| 274| 11| Select Indicators of Indias progress| | | | | | | Year| Per Capita Income (at 1993-94 prices in Rs)| Poverty (%)| Literacy (%)| Life Expectancy (Years)| Power Capacity (MW)| 1951| 3,687| 45| 18| 32| 1,362| 1961| 4,429| 45| 28| 41| 4,653| 1971| 5,002| 52| 34| 46| 14,709| 1981| 5,352| 43| 44| 50| 30,214| 1991| 7,321| 35| 52| 59| 64,000| 2001| 10,308| 26| 65| 65| 1,02,000| 2005| 12,414| 20| 68| 67| 1,18,419| The poverty rate has consistently declined. But this decline has not been accompanied by an improvement in the measures of social well-being. Inequality has increased during the post-reform period. There is a general feeling that the rich is getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. The rich-poor gap is growing and immediate steps have to be taken to address this problem. The situation of 80% of the nation’s wealth being in the hands of 20% of the population should be rectified and more equitable distribution ensured. Inclusive growth is the key to sustainable economic development. The post-reform period has not seen much efforts directed in this regard. Hence more efforts have to be made to ensure inclusive growth. Inflation has reached record levels during the post reform period, especially food inflation which is going up to alarming levels. While the service sector showed high growth, agriculture has witnessed stagnation in growth. In recent years the agricultural sector is showing declining levels of growth which needs to be taken seriously. Productivity is coming down. Irrigation and other facilities have not improved and there is still a dependence on the monsoons. Even the economy’s performance is still dependent on the monsoons which should throw light on the importance of the agricultural sector. Improved agricultural performance is not only important for sustaining economic growth but also for maintaining low and stable inflation levels. Volatile agricultural production and lower food stocks internationally are beginning to raise growing concerns about rising food prices influencing overall inflation both globally and in India. In the medium term, therefore, efforts would have to be directed towards not only improving the crop yields but also putting in place a market driven incentive system for agricultural crops for a practical solution to address the demand-supply mismatches and tackle food inflation. Sustained improvement in crop yields requires an enhanced focus on the revitalisation of agricultural research, developmental extension. Food security is an essential factor for the sustained development of an emerging economy like India. Hence the government should take the necessary steps in this regard to revive the agricultural sector which is now contributing about 18% of India’s GDP. The government must take all necessary steps to ensure that the impressive growth that we are now witnessing since the introduction of economic reforms is reaching down to all sections of the society including the poor. As of now growth has not led to equality. This problem should be addressed as soon as possible. Since many of the unfavourable factors both internal and external have now either gone or significant reduced, India should try to improve its efficiency in utilising its resources to realise its full potential in order to make a significant impact on poverty reduction, realise inclusive growth thereby ensuring sustained economic development.

Top 15 Tips for the ACT Exam

Top 15 Tips for the ACT Exam ACT got you down? Scared pantsless about what’s in store for you when you drag yourself into the testing center for this multiple-choice exam? Well, button it up. The following ACT tips are going to get you a better ACT score. So memorize these bad boys, okay? No cheat sheets are allowed. Top 15 ACT Tips Answer Every Question Yes, even the hard ones. You won’t be penalized for guessing like you would if you were taking the old SAT test. For the record, the Redesigned SAT exam, which was first administered in March 2016, doesnt penalize for wrong answers anymore, either. Use POE Before Guessing POE is process of elimination. Each question will have at least one answer that’s way out there. Physically cross off that answer so you won’t be tempted to use it, and you’ll up your odds of guessing correctly. Then go back and see if you can cross off at least one more. Start Easy Answer all of the easy questions first, then move on to the difficult ones. The longer, more difficult questions arent worth any more points than the easier questions. So get all the points you can as fast as you can. Memorize the Directions During the test, you won’t get extra time to read the directions, so if you take five minutes to figure out what to do, that’s five fewer minutes you’ll have to get points. Don’t Doodle On the answer sheet, that is. The ACT is graded by a machine; if your chicken scratch interferes with the reading mechanism, you could miss out on points. Keep the sheet of ovals as clean as is possible. Erase Completely Bring two erasers: one for the heavy-duty erasing you may need to do and another clean eraser to fix up your ovals completely. You don’t want erasure marks mucking up your answers and causing you to lose points. Pace Yourself On some test sections, you’ll have a little less than 30 seconds to answer each question, so keep that in mind. Don’t spend three minutes staring off into space or rereading a longer passage; stay focused. Bring a Watch Archaic, yes, what with your cell phone and all, but since you won’t be able to have your cell phone with you, bring a watch. There’s no guarantee you’ll be testing in a room with a working clock. Reconsider the Obvious If an answer seems too easy, it may just be. Be sure to read every answer choice and select the best possible answer. The obvious choice may be a distracter. Don’t Second-Guess If you marked B for question 18, there was probably a good reason for it, so don’t go back and change it, unless youve found information in a later part of the test to disprove your original theory. Statistics prove that your first guess is usually the best one. Come Back to Toughies If you’re stuck between two answer choices, circle the question and come back to it with fresh eyes after you’ve answered the other questions. Remember, you have to pace yourself. Cross-Check Ovals Every five questions or so, double-check your answer sheet to make sure you haven’t skipped an oval. There’s nothing worse than getting to the end of a test and realizing you missed filling in an oval somewhere and having to erase everything. Bring Your Own Calculator The test center will not provide you with one, so bring an approved calculator for easier math work. (All the questions can be answered without one, but bring one anyway.) Outline Before Writing If you’re taking the essay, be sure to take five out of the 40 minutes and plan before you write. It isn’t a waste of time; the scorers are looking for well-organized essays. The best way to get one is to plan ahead with either an outline or graphic organizer. Practice You’ve heard it before, but it’s really the truth. Buy an ACT prep book, and answer every single question in it. You’ll gain confidence and a lot of extra points by doing so. These 15 tips may just be lifesavers when you’re taking the ACT, so be sure to follow them all.

Reflect on the dicourses around the term 'terrorism within Australia Essay

Reflect on the dicourses around the term 'terrorism within Australia - Essay Example The word â€Å"us† identifies the Western society, which is believed to be under violent aggression from radical Islamic groups who are going against the ideals of liberty and democracy. In Australia, the bombing in Bali that happened nearly a year after the World Trade Center Bombing left Australian society with a picture and lay image of the word â€Å"terrorism†. When Australia passed its Anti-Terror Act of 2005, Australian Prime Minister John Howard (2002) ‘reaffirms Australia’s commitment to continue the war against terrorism in our region and in the rest of the world’. This of course went in line with the wishes and intent of the strong nations of the Western world led by the United States and the United Kingdom, in pursuit of freedom against terrorism. Therefore, this created a sort of world order wherein the Muslim world and supporters of radical Islamic terrorist elements are clearly distinguished as the opposite of the order. On the other s ide, the Western society reaffirms its stand for the democratic way of life and freedom. This is where the word â€Å"terrorism† plays as a catalyst. It should be first understood that terrorism denotes a sign of conflict or an act of war.

Management by culture is another way of exercising control in Essay - 1

Management by culture is another way of exercising control in organizations. Critically discuss this statement with reference to issues of power, control and r - Essay Example In the process of understanding the management system and function in a work place, the culture should also be given a priority in exercising management system in a work place. Usually, work place often times have a lot of unresolved issues primary because each citizen who works together in a small unit of an office acquired ideas, concepts and values because they have different cultures. This is about the values, the upbringing that each individual possess or holds on to, and these concepts have a significant part on how an individual handles a business or any decision that they make in a working environment. Briefly, there are systems by which we can control and have a conducive working environment fit for all cultures and that will be discussed in the process of the paper. Each particular segment will provide a brief review of literature that have been stipulated and used by some corporation, which in the process provided a total shift and change of working relationship with fellow co-workers. Also, through the process of reorganization of working conditions, the collegues themselves found out that through management by culture, their work environment become much better and their work progress accordingly because they are able to connect and communicate with one another. One of the greatest mentors in Management was Alasdair MacIntyre. ... Probably, this method of making things done applied in the beginning, such that during the time of industrial evolution wherein the best place to earn and become productive is if a person is working in a factory or office or wherever. But the times have changed and people have developed a sense of pride and understand that force is not the way to make things work in an office set up. There had been a lot of rules and laws that have been passed on to addressed these unrighteous working condition. Now most companies are geared to a globalise community. Each organization has at least 10 different nationalities working together and need to co-exist accordingly beside the fact that they are also trying to understand the working ethics that is trying to unify their common goal and perspective to make certain and progress in the work place or community. To begin with we shall understand the important of management prior to proceeding with the cultural relationship that holds a crucial part in any management organization. According to one the Motivation book by W. Taylor, he said, "In dealing with the employees under this type of management, it is an inflexible rule to talk to and deal with only one person or staff at a time. Since each employee has their own special abilities and limitations, and also since we are not dealing with men in masses, but are trying to develop each individual person to his highest state of efficiency and prosperity. Our first step was to find the proper workman to begin with. We therefore carefully watched and studied these 75 men for three or four days, at the end of which time we had picked out four men

The Welding Manufacturing Process Engineering Essay

The Welding Manufacturing Process Engineering Essay Welding is an attractive topic to be researched because it is used in the majority of industrial fields and manufacturing processes. The next figure shows that the shield metal arc welding process represents about 42% from the whole welding processes. The welding theory depends on the joining between two parts whether metals like aluminium, steel, copper, or cast iron or plastics like polypropylene. Welding specially is different from the normal joining where the aim of welding is to obtain a strong joint between two or more parts to be as a single part and to minimize number of parts. For example, the mechanical joints used to assemble pipe lines is limited to specific values of pressure and temperature and when those values exceed those limits, the welding takes place in the assembly process The main concept of fusion welding is the partial melting and fusion of the joint between two members and a filler metals may be used. In the arc welding process, the heat required is obtained from electrical energy. An arc is produced between the tip of the electrode and work piece to be welded, by using an AC or a DC power supply. Shield metal arc welding (SMAW) is one of the oldest, simplest, and most versatile joining processes. About 50% of all industrial and maintenance welding at present is performed by this process. The electric arc is generated by touching the tip of a coated electrode with the work piece or the sample and moving back it quickly to enough distance to maintain the arc. The heat generated melts a piece of the electrode tip, its coating and the base metal in the immediate arc area and this mixture forms the weld when it solidifies. 1.2 Aims objectives The aim or goal of the research is a broad statement of the problem which I intend to solve and what I intend to achieve. Objectives  set the realistic targets to achieve during the research and I should use best practice in project management. Objectives are derived from the aim, but are more specific and measurable. Aims: Investigate/research solutions to reduce cracks occurring in carbon steels during shield metal arc welding process Objectives: Investigate/research shield metal arc welding process in carbon steel metals Investigate/research parameters affecting shield metal arc welding process in carbon steel metals Investigate/research reasons of cracks in shield metal arc welding process in carbon steel metals and methods to reduce them. Literature review Many researches were done to investigate welding processes from many points of views and in the next pages these examples will be shown below: First example:- In the research done by G. B. JANG, H. K. KIM AND S. S. KANG, It was discovered that in the steel bridge manufacturing, there are many differences in dimensions caused by weld deformation often happen because multi-pass welding is used mainly to join thick plates. It repeatedly produced that root openings are out of tolerances at place of butt joints. Second example:- In the research done by G. B. JANG, H. K. KIM AND S. S. KANG, It was discovered that there is a new innovative method for estimating the actual cooling rate in a welded section is existed. This method is depended on applying a weighting factor to the Rosenthal* analytical solutions for thick and thin plates. The factor is calculated from the heat affected zone (HAZ) width obtained from carved sections and reflects the actual response of the plate to the heat flow condition. The formulations used in the literature of this research are depended on the assumption of thin plate and thick plate conditions while most actual conditions not real somewhere between the two extremes. Limited experimental measurements of cooling rate performed by instrumented welding presented good agreement with predicted values. The model was further used to get the peak temperature profile across the HAZ. 2.1 Methodology: As shown in the literature review, the previous two researches concentrated on the problems related to weld deformation and cooling rate.In this research the study of shield metal arc welding will be concentrated on the parameters affecting cracks appearance and the methods used and available to reduce and eliminate them. To achieve objectives, first, a study will be done to previous researches in the same field through the internet and reading different types of books to study the Methodology Block Diagram: SMAW process in carbon steels.the next step is to focus on cracks appeared and how to reduce them. Also Libraries, internet, will be used as a statement of method. The internet usage will give powerful to the research to get data now because it is fastest, cheapest, and most widely in getting data and information that needed in any section of science. Different search engine will be used as www.google.com www.yahoo.com In addition, the forums will be used to discuss results with other engineers to have learning from their experts. Libraries: from reading books you can know the theoretical part and the analysis of the welding parameters. In this study, there is no practical work but if there was a similar one in the future it must take into considerations the ensure that the final product must be safe to the environment by taking into consideration to prevent any harmful fumes. Conclusion:- After this brief proposal it can be said that this project will concentrate on three main categories:- Shield metal arc welding process in carbon steel metals Parameters affecting shield metal arc welding process in carbon steel metals Reasons of cracks in shield metal arc welding process in carbon steel metals and methods to reduce them. Also, it can be guessed that the weakness of this proposal is not mentioning many problems related to this process and a try will be done overcoming this point in the next stages of the project. This proposal takes its strength from the variety and spread of SMAW process in the industrial field as shown in the beginning of the proposal. Time Table: Completed proposal 9TH of October Initial project proposal word 3rd 11th of November Start collecting information and data 1st December-6th Start following chapter 25th December Prepare slideshow 1st January-5th Complete interim report 18th of January Work on following chapters 10th of February Project should almost be complete 10th of march Prepare for presentation 7th of may Chapter 3 Arc welding concept Arc welding is a process of the fusion welding processes which contains:- 1 Arc welding processes (non consumable electrodes) Gas tungsten arc welding Plasma arc welding Atomic hydrogen welding 2 Arc welding processes (consumable electrodes) Shielded metal arc welding Submerged arc welding Gas metal arc welding Flux cored arc welding Electro gas welding Electro slag welding 3 Electron beam welding 4 Laser beam welding The main concept of fusion welding is the partial melting and fusion of the joint between two members and a filler metals may be used. In the arc welding process, the heat required is obtained from electrical energy. An arc is produced between the tip of the electrode and work piece to be welded, by using an AC or a DC power supply. Shield metal arc welding (SMAW) is one of the oldest, simplest, and most versatile joining processes. About 50% of all industrial and maintenance welding currently is performed by this process. The electric arc is generated by touching the head or the tip of a coated electrode against the work piece and withdrawing it quickly to a distance sufficient to preserve the arc. The heat start generating from the electrode tip, its coating and the base metal in the immediate arc area and this mixture forms the weld when it solidifies. 3.2 Classification of arc welding The arc welding classified into many types used in the industrial field each one have advantages and defects different from the other type, So that the user select the required type according to the requirements and the economy aspects. In the below figure we show for the classification of arc welding which appear in the industrial (3.1) Arc welding PAW ESW MIG TIG SAW SMAW Carbon arc welding Figure 3.1 arc welding classification Chart key SMAW: shield metal arc welding SAW: submerged arc welding TIG: tungsten inert gas arc welding MIG: metal inert gas welding PAW: plasma arc welding ESW: electro slag welding The above chart list for the types of the arc welding which used in the industrial fields. Advantages of arc welding There are some characteristic for the arc welding rather than the another methods to joining metals which it represent the advantages of the arc welding listed as below 1- Strong and tight joining 2- Cost effectiveness ( arc welding have low capital and running costs) 3- Simplicity of welded structure design Figure 3.2: arc welding usage in the industry (http://64.78.42.182/sweethaven/BldgConst/Welding/lessonmain.asp?lesNum=4modNum=1) 3.2.1 Principals and definition Shield metal arc welding (SMAW) consider as process in which coalescence of metal produced by the heat which generated from the electric arc that it maintained between the tip of the consumable electrode and the base metal in the welding region. The next figures show the circuit used in the shield metal arc welding Figure 3.2: SMAW system, http://www.millerwelds.com/pdf/guidelines_smaw.pdf Figure description: the above figure illustrate the main parameters used in the SMAW process Power supply The shield arc welding power source provides constant current (cc) it may be alternative current (Ac) or direct current (DC) depending on the electrode being used, but the best welding usually used the direct current (DC) as power supply for the circuit. The amount of power required to welding process calculated from the relation (P= IV) Where I represent the current V represent the voltages In the selection process for the power supply we notice that the voltage equal to constant value so that the current is the main parameters in the selection process which discussed in the next section 3.2.2 Current setting The amount of current needed to melt the work piece and the electrode tip depends on several factors as 1- Type and position of the joint 2- Work piece type and its thickness 3- Electrode type and its diameter In facts most of welder select the current depending on the diameter of the used electrode which it measured from the inner section without the coated diameter as showing in the below figure: No Code Usage and properties 1 6010 all welding positions result in deep penetration weld work on rusted, dirty, or painted metals 2 6011 used with ac and dc currents all welding positions result in deep penetration weld work on rusted, dirty, or painted metals 3 6013 used with ac and dc currents result in medium penetration weld give superior weld bead appearance 4 7018 low hydrogen electrode can be used with dc or ac can result in welds of x-ray quality with medium penetration must be kept dry 1 80LV Red used in AC/DC straight or reverse polarity all positions with low voltage machines 2 275 high yield and tensile strength 3 24 AC/DC ac/dc all position electrodes join dissimilar metals 4 309 L AC/DC high corrosion resistance high strength all position electrodes Table 3.3: Examples of electrodes usage and properties A basic guide of arc welding electrodes by Bruce Bauerlein http://www.metalwebnews.com/howto/weldrod.html http://www.weldershop.info/282/types-of-welding-electrodes/ 1. Electrode The electrode used in (SMAW) process consist from metal rod coated in metal mixture called flux which gives off gases as it decomposes to prevent weld contamination , introduces deoxidizer to purify the weld , causes weld- protection slag and to provides alloyelements to improve the quality of weld. There are three types from the electrode used in (SMAW) process which discussed below. Fast fill electrode: this type from electrode is designed to melt very fast so that means the welding speed should be maximized. This type used when we weld in the normal case in vertical welding so we can weld with high speed so we use this electrode type. Fast freeze electrode: this type from electrode designed to solidify quickly making welding in different positions by preventing the weld pool from shifting. Intermediates electrodes : the commonly used type and it intermediate in two case melting and in freezing but if we weld with high speed with using this type we get poor quality so that this type is not suitable in case of high speed. The American welding society established system that used to assign electrodes by using four or five digital number. Covered electrodes made of mild steel or low alloy steel carry the symbol of (E) followed by special numbers. The first two or three digits of the number of the electrode specify the tensile strength of the weld metal. The mid digits generally identify the welding positions allowed with the electrode normally using the values 1 (normally fast-freeze electrodes, implying all position welding) and 2 (normally fast-fill electrodes, implying horizontal welding only). The welding current and the type of the electrode casing are specified by the last two digits together. Example for electrode serial number E7018 E indicates electrode 70 indicates 70,000 psi tensile strength 1 indicates use for welding in all positions 8 indicates low hydrogen 2. Cables: there are two cables work cable which connected the base metal and the electrode cable which connected to the electrode one of them represent positive and the other represent the negative side this according to the polarity of the welding process 3.2.3. Welding trouble shooting This section discuss to the trouble shooting may faced it during the welding speed as 1-Porosity: small cavities or holes resulting from gas pockets in weld metal. Fig 3.4: porosity of welding www.miller.com.pdf The porosity in welding it may be caused by the dirty on work piece and the corrective action to face it by Remove all grease, oil, moisture, rust, paint, coatings, slag, and dirt from work surface before welding. 2-Excessive Spatter: scattering of molten metal particles that cool to solid form near weld bead as shown in the below figure. Fig 3.5: excessive spatter www.miller.com.pdf The main causes to excessive spatter is the current too high for electrode and it avoid by decrease current or select larger electrode. 3- Distortion: contraction of weld metal during welding that forces base metal to move. Fig 3.6: Distortion www.miller.com.pdf Distortion in the welding appear as result to excessive heat input. And there is many ways to solve this problem as 1-Use restraint (clamp) to hold base metal in position 2-Make tack welds along joint before starting welding operation. 3-Select lower amperage for electrode. 4-Increase travel speed 5-Lack of Penetration: shallow fusion between weld metal and base metal. Fig 3.7: lack of penetration www.miller.com.pdf The lack of penetration appears as result for many causes as showing below: Possible causes Corrective action Improper joint preparation Material too thick. Joint preparation and design must provide access to bottom of groove. Improper weld technique. 1-Keep arc on leading edge of weld puddle. 2-Reduce travel speed. Insufficient heat input. Increase amperage. Select larger electrode and increase amperage Table 3.8: causes of penetration lack Advantages of shield metal arc welding The shield arc welding have main further that represent the advantages as below 1-Strong and tight joining rather than the other methods 2-Cost effectiveness (have low capital and running cost) 3- The arc welding Simplicity of welded structures design 4- May be mechanized and automated or manual in some duty Disadvantages of arc welding The using of the shield metal arc welding lead to some defects as 1- Internal stresses, distortion and change for the microstructure in the weld region 2- Have harmful effects as radiation and fumes 3.3 Application of the shield arc welding The arc welding it can be used in many applications as: 1-Buildings and bridges structures 2-Automotive, ship and aircraft constructions 3-Pipe lines 4-Tanks and vessels (2.2) 3.4 Polarity: To introduce what the polarity means and the different type of the polarity, first of all the project will show what is the difference between AC and DC? 3.4.1 AC and DC current What is the AC current? It means alternating current. In this current the electric charge flow periodically reverses direction. The electric charge in this case will move for instance backward then it will reverse the direction again to move forward, then backward then forward over and over again. The waveform for alternating current is a sine wave. But sometimes in certain applications the waveform differs like square wave or triangular wave. acFile:Types of current by Zureks.svg triangleRMS_fig_1 Figure 3.9 current and wave types Dc current What is the DC current? It means direct current because the electric charge in direct current moves in a constant direction, and that is the difference between DC and AC. The DC could be produced by such sources like thermocouples, batteries and solar cells. We can use a rectifier which is a current-switching arrangement to obtain direct current from an alternating current. The concept of rectifier is containing electromechanical elements or electronic elements which allow current to flow only in one direction. File:Current rectification diagram.svg Figure 3.10 current rectification diagrams 3.4.2 AC and DC welding machines: The welder or welding machine is the power source that we used in arc welding. There are three basic types of welding  machines used now which are rectifiers, motor- generators and transformers Motor generator welding machines (direct current welding machines): The motor generator could be powered by diesel, electrical or gasoline motor. We can use the gasoline and diesel motors in places where the electricity is not available or hard to reach it like deserts. With these machines we could generate either direct or alternating current. There are new and old machine types of these machines, the older type require reversing the cable connections in order to change the polarity. But in the new machines you can change the polarity from welding in the direct current mode to alternating current mode by turning a switch. The advantages of a (dc) welding generator: The main advantage of a direct-current (dc) welding generator is that you can weld with either reverse or straight polarity. Almost we can weld all ferrous and non-ferrous metals. We can use DC in practically all welding operations so we can consider that DC is most universal in application. The output of generators like rectifier and transformer a sets is not affected by normal variations in power line voltage. Diesel driven generators form self-contained units. Disadvantages of a (dc) welding generator: The initial cost is high The machine operation is noisy The maintenance cost is high AC transformers welding machines: The static-transformer type is the arc welding machines that we used in alternating current. http://www.tpub.com/content/construction/14250/img/14250_134_2.jpg The advantages of these types of  machines are lightest, smallest and least expensive welders made. We can use 200, 300, and 400 ampere ratings for manual operation in industrial  applications. But in light industrial, job/shop and garage welding we could use machines with a 150-ampere rating. These types of transforms equipped with arc- stabilizing capacitors. The advantage of a (AC) transformer welding machine: The main advantage of (AC) transformer welding machine is the freedom from arc blow. The arc blow causes the arc to wander while you are using large coated electrodes or welding in corners on heavy metal. The arc blow often occurs when welding with direct current machines. Polarity What is the polarity? Figure 3.12 Straight and reverse polarity in electric welding .Polarity is the direction of the current flow in a circuit. There are two types of polarity reverse polarity and straight polarity. In the straight polarity the work piece is positive and the electrode is negative. The electrons move from the electrode to the work piece. In the reverse polarity the work- piece negative and the electrode is positive. The electrons move from the work piece to the electrode ac and dc current was briefly covered. http://www.tpub.com/content/construction/14250/img/14250_141_2.jpg The effect of polarity: The polarity affects the amount of heat which is going to the base metal. You can direct the amount of heat to where it is needed as per the application you working in by changing the polarity. If you want to direct the majority of heat toward the work piece, you must use straight polarity. That type of polarity being used in some welding situations when it is desirable to have more heat on the work piece because of its size to melt the base metal than the electrode. We can use straight polarity for all mild-steel, bare, or lightly coated electrodes. If you want to concentrate the heat on the electrode, you can use reverse polarity because in this type less heat is concentrated at the work piece which allow filler metal to cool faster, giving it greater holding power because of this reverse polarity is being used when you are making vertical and overhead welds. Reverse polarity could be used in the welding of nonferrous metals such as bronze, aluminum and nickel. 3.5 Heat Affected Zone 3.5.1 Heat affected zone definition. The heat affected zone (HAZ) represented by the area of base material subjected to the high heat in order to achieve the welding process. The area which subjected to change in its microstructure and mechanical properties. SMAW process give a highly heat concentration in specified region called (fusion zone), produced in the region of heat affected zone. To calculated the amount of heat in the HAZ the following formula used. Q =60 VI / 1000S Where Q = heat input (kj/mm), V = voltage (V), I = current (A), and S= welding speed (mm/ min). (2.10) The molten occur in the fusion region not in the heat affected zone. So that the HAZ heated to a high enough temperature for sufficient period that grain growth occurred. Heat affected zone is that location of the base metal which in it the mechanical properties and the microstructure have been affected by the heat of welding process. The heat affected zone is subjected to a complex thermal cycle (sudden heating followed by rapid cooling) in which all temperatures from the melting range of the metal down to much lower temperatures are involved and HAZ therefore consists of a series of graded structures ringing the weld bead. HAZ usually contains a variety of microstructures different from the remaining part from the base metal. The width of HAZ varies according to the welding process and technique; in arc welds it extends only a few mm from the fusion boundary, The HAZ in most metal welding process of normal structure welded in one run with coated electrodes that to classify it to four basic region. 3.6 Classification and Designation The classification of electrodes is done by one of the three following categories:images 1 Strength of the deposited weld metal 2 Current (ac or dc) Figure: 3.13 Shield metal arc welding electrodes3 Types of coating The identification of electrodes is by numbers and letters as shown in the next table. Typical coated electrode dimensions are in the range of 150 to 460 mm (6 to 18 in.) in length, and 1.5 to 8 mm (1/16 to 5/16) in diameter. Specifications for electrodes and filler metals (including dimensional tolerances, quality control procedures, and processes) are published by the American welding society (AWS) and the American national standards institute (ANSI). Some specifications appear in the aerospace materials specifications (AMS) by the society of automotive engineers (SAE). Electrodes are sold by weight and are available in a wide variety of sizes and specifications. 3.7 Electrodes types and choices When the choice of a suitable electrode is needed, many considerations are taken such as 1 Quality of weld 2 Penetration 3 Used current whether AC or DC 4 Crack resistant CHAPTER 4 Defects appears in carbon steel welding Carbon steel Carbon steel which it called also the plain carbon steel or the Mild Steel .It does also mean the steel where the main alloying element is carbon. When the carbon steel is specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40 percent and when the maximum content is specified for one of the following elements does not surpass the percentages known (manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60 and copper 0.60). The term carbon steel could also be used in position of steel which is actually not stainless steel, so the uses of carbon steel may contain alloy steels. The low carbon steel has some properties similar to the properties of iron. As the content of the carbon going up, the metal becomes with some advantages such as harder and stronger and the disadvantages are less ductile and very hard or difficult to weld. Higher carbon steel usually has the lower the melting point and lower temperature resistance. Carbon steel content effects in yield strength of steel because carbon atoms are fit into the interstitial crystal lattice the places of the body-centered cubic (BCC) collections of the iron atoms. The spaces in carbon steel reduce the mobility of dislocations. To get dislocations to move, a high sufficient stress level should be applied to imbalances for the dislocations to separate them. All this happen because the spaces or the places of the carbon atoms cause in some of the iron BCC lattice cells to deform. Carbon steel is steels whose alloying elements do not exceed the following limits: Element Max weight % C 1.00 Cu 0.60 Mn 1.65 P 0.40 Si 0.60 S 0.05 4.2 Carbon steel properties and classifications: Carbon steels could be specified by chemical compositions, mechanical properties and thermal treatments. The following table shows the typical properties of steels with room temperature in (25 °C). The wide ranges of final the tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness are mostly due to the different between the heat treatment conditions. The different between the heat treatment conditions comes from the wide range of the the tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. Properties Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Stainless Steels Tool Steels Density (1000 kg/m3) 7.85 7.85 7.75-8.1 7.72-8.0 Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210 190-210 190-210 190-210 Poissons Ratio 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 Thermal Expansion (10-6/K) 11-16.6 9.0-15 9.0-20.7 9.4-15.1 Melting Point ( °C) 1371-1454 Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) 24.3-65.2 26-48.6 11.2-36.7 19.9-48.3 Specific Heat (J/kg-K) 450-2081 452-1499 420-500 Electrical Resistivity (10-9 m) 130-1250 210-1251 75.7-1020 Tensile Strength (MPa) 276-1882 758-1882 515-827 640-2000 Yield Strength (MPa) 186-758 366-1793 207-552 380-440 Percent Elongation (%) 10-32 4-31 12-40 5-25 Hardness (Brinell 3000kg) 86-388 149-627 137-595 210-620 www.efunda.com The following groups show the subdivided of the plain carbon steel: Low Medium High Very high Low The low carbon steel has another name which is frequently called mild steels. Low carbon steel has less than 0.30 percent carbon and its one of the most commonly used. They machine and weld nicely and are more ductile than higher-carbon steels. Medium The percentage of medium carbon steel is between 0.30 to 0.45 percent. When the carbon increases thats mean increasing in hardness and tensile strength and decreasing in ductility and more difficult machining. High The high carbon steel contains carbon which starts from 0.45 to 0.75 percent of carbon. These steels can be challenging to weld. Preheating or the post heating (which is useful to control the cooling rate). Heating during the welding process become very important or necessary to produce acceptable welds and to control the mechanical properties of the steel after welding. Very High With more than 1.50 percent of carbon content in very high carbon steel

Manipulation and Prejudice in Othello Essay

The tragic play ‘Othello’, written by William Shakespeare, is one where the direct impact of themes such as jealousy, prejudice, and manipulation bring about the downfall of the protagonist Othello, a moor who is both a successful military leader in the city of Venice and the lover of the ‘Sweet Desdemona’. The Antagonist, Iago, weaves webs of deceit and denigrations on almost all of the characters and is portrayed as the puppet master, controlling the characters to his own end. The imagery associated with the central theme of jealousy suggests destructive, terrifying and perhaps unnatural qualities of this emotion. It is ‘the green-eyed monster, which doth mock / the meat it feeds on’. There is a strong sense of devouring and being devoured in these images, which fits in with Iago’s description of Othello as being ‘eaten up with passion’. These lines suggest the exact quality of Othello’s monumental jealousy; once he becomes convinced that his wife is unfaithful, his jealousy does indeed feed on itself, leading the protagonist to become dehumanised and animalistic. Jealousy is also deeply humiliating in ‘Othello’; Iago is correct when he says that it is ‘a passion most unsuiting such a man’. There are three examples of jealousy that are explored by Shakespeare in ‘Othello’. Iago’s personal and professional jealousy, which is linked to feelings of envy and sets events in motion. This is demonstrated through the use of soliloquy where Iago expresses his hate and jealousy of Cassio when he was given a position that Iago thought he should have gained. The use of soliloquy adds dramatic tension as Iago expresses his motive for revenge to the audience before enacting out his plans on the unsuspecting characters. The second example is of Bianca’s suspicions, which help Iago with his manipulation of the Othello adding to the dramatic tension and the third example of jealousy is of the Moors towering jealousy. Othello’s character arc is somewhat depended on his feelings of jealousy when he assumes his wife Desdemona is ‘a strumpet’. The language that is used by Othello at the start of the play is in blank verse, unrhymed iambic pentameter. This structuring of the dialogue characterises Othello as educated, dignified and authoritative. However, this is juxtaposed at the end of the play where there is little to no structure in Othello’s dialogue, often composed of short outbursts, characterises the protagonist as animistic, unhinged and weak. The theme of prejudice is also prominent in the play ‘Othello’. The cultural difference between the Moor and the general white Venetians serves as an impetus for conflict between the characters. The first instance of racial prejudice almost opens the play in Act 1 Scene 1 with the dialogue between Iago and Brabantio, ‘even now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe’. The animal imagery Iago employs when speaking of Desdemona’s copulation with Othello is firstly highlighting the racial difference between both Othello and Desdemona and secondly, relating interracial relationships as animalistic through dehumanising imagery. Many of the references to Othello in regards to his colour and creed are typically negative, though are undermined because the audience understands the motives of both Iago and Roderigo. He is also described as ‘sooty’ and ‘thick lips’, which help to construct a negative characterisation of Othello. So far as dislocation is concerned, an aspect of the tragedy comes about because Othello is characterised as an outsider, he is in an weak position of being a black man in a white society. This dislocation is furthered through the marrying of a white woman and through holding a high positioned rank in the military. This is one of the reasons that Othello is subject to manipulation by Iago on racial grounds, and on Rodrigo’s racist ideology.

American Stereotypes of China

US writer Todd C. Ames concludes his two-part discussion of the ways in which Chinese and Americans think of each other, and the most common misunderstandings that arise AMERICANS don't know much about China. What they do know comes from three main sources: movies, the news, and history classes. This can be a sensitive subject, and I do not wish to offend anyone – my goal is only to give you an overview of American stereotypes of China. Just as I have encountered many stereotypes that the Chinese have of America (some accurate, some absurd, some insulting), one can similarly encounter American stereotypes of China in the US. All Chinese know kungfu and dress like Huang Feihong. (Source: Jet Li, Jackie Chan, and Bruce Lee [Li Xiaolong] movies). – Anything to do with China is â€Å"ancient† and â€Å"mysterious. † (Source: the fact that Chinese language seems to be made up of â€Å"mysterious symbols† to Western eyes, movies about Chinese history). All Chinese are â€Å"brainwashed† into worshipping Chairman Mao and can't think independently. (Source: studying the Cultural Revolution in high school history classes. ) – â€Å"Guangdonghua† (Cantonese) is the official language of China. Source: Hong Kong movies, Chinese-American immigrants who came to the US from Guangdong and Hong Kong during the 19th and 20th centuries). – Chinese culture is basically the same today as it was 1,000 years ago (eg, â€Å"traditional, conservative, polite,† etc. ). (Source: studying Chinese history without being familiar with modern China). – In China, no one can express any idea that isn't approved by Chairman Mao – if you do express an â€Å"unapproved† idea, you will be instantly sent to jail or shot. (Source: studying the â€Å"cultural revolution† (1966-76)in high school history classes, the events of 1989 in Beijing). Chinese (and all â€Å"Asians†) are good at maths. (Sou rce: I don't know). – China and Japan are basically the same. (Source: ignorance). – â€Å"Asian† women are generally subservient to men, anti-feminist, and more â€Å"morally pure† than Western women. (Source: movies about ancient Japan, cultural differences. This stereotype is again the result of ignorance of modern China – and thinking that today's China is really 12th-century ancient Japan). Chinese stereotypes of US As an American, I can give you a unique perspective on the Chinese stereotypes of the US that I have encountered. Some of them really made me laugh – as I'm sure some of the above American stereotypes of China made you laugh. – Americans don't care about their families very much. The opposite is true. Almost every American will tell you that family is the most important thing in life. – Most Americans have AIDS and have sex in the streets. I'm still laughing at this one. One of my friends told me that she thought this was true before coming to the US. – Mixed ethnic background = intelligence. The more mixed your ethnic background, the smarter you must be. This kind of thinking is truly confusing and shocking to most Americans. Many Americans would even consider this kind of thinking â€Å"racist,† as some sort of inversion of Hitler's â€Å"race purity† theories. In any case, I was really surprised to hear this from virtually every Chinese I know. Almost all Americans have a diverse and mixed ethnic background – so we must all be geniuses. – All American men are â€Å"se lang (lecher). † (Source: cultural differences. ) – The crime rate is so high in the US that your life is always in danger. This is a vast exaggeration. The US has the most socially liberal society in the world, especially when it comes to sex. This idea comes from Hollywood – and it couldn't be more false. The US in general (especially the Midwest) is very socially conservative. Virtually every European country has a much more â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"open† view of sex and social relations in general comp ared to the US. In my opinion, the US is closer to China in this respect than to European countries. You probably don't believe me, but if you get to know some Americans, you will see that it is true. As far as social relations and sex go, I would put Japan and Europe in one category. And I would put China and the US in one category. – All â€Å"Western† countries are basically the same. This stereotype is the mirror of the American stereotype that all â€Å"Eastern† countries (China, Japan, Korea, etc. ) are basically the same. Both stereotypes are completely false and are purely based on the perception that â€Å"all foreigners look alike. † – Most American college students don't study, party all of the time, and are ignorant of the outside world. This stereotype is pretty accurate. – Every American owns a gun. Roughly 25 per cent of American adults own a gun, which is extremely high compared to most other countries. But still, the vast majority of Americans do not own guns. Food In general, Americans love Chinese food. Chinese and Italian food are probably the two most popular types of food in the US. However, most of the Chinese food you will find in US restaurants is â€Å"Americanized. † You probably won't find things like stomach or intestines on the menu. Also, pork is not so popular in the US. Beef and chicken are much more popular in the US than pork. So don't be surprised if many Americans you meet don't like pork. One â€Å"food stereotype† that I have encountered among Chinese (and everyone else outside the US) is that all Americans eat McDonald's. I don't have any friends who like McDonald's. I hate it. Everyone I know hates it. I think McDonald's is probably more popular in other countries than it is here in the US. Of course, it is popular to some degree; but it tends to be more popular among certain segments of society than others.